What You Should Know About Multiple Sclerosis
March is Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Awareness Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness, dispelling misconceptions, and providing support for those living with MS. While MS is a widely recognized condition, many people are unaware of its complexities, varying symptoms, and the latest advancements in treatment. In this post, we’ll cover what MS is, common misconceptions, symptoms beyond what’s typically discussed, and valuable resources for patients and caregivers.
What Is Multiple Sclerosis?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerves, called myelin, leading to inflammation, nerve damage, and disrupted communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
The exact cause of MS remains unknown, but researchers believe it develops due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune-related factors. Studies suggest that certain risk factors—such as low vitamin D levels, viral infections (including Epstein-Barr virus), smoking, and genetic predisposition—may contribute to the development of MS.
Types of Multiple Sclerosis
MS does not present in every individual the same way. The disease is classified into four main types, each with different patterns of progression:
Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS): The most common form, affecting approximately 85% of MS patients. It is characterized by flare-ups (relapses) followed by periods of partial or complete remission.
Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS): Some people with RRMS transition to this form, in which symptoms worsen progressively over time, with or without occasional relapses.
Primary Progressive MS (PPMS): This form involves a steady worsening of symptoms from the beginning, without distinct relapses or remissions. It affects about 10-15% of MS patients.
Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS): A rare form of MS characterized by steady progression with sudden relapses.
Early Signs and Symptoms of MS
While MS symptoms vary widely from person to person, some of the most common early warning signs include:
Fatigue: One of the most debilitating symptoms, MS-related fatigue is not just feeling tired—it can be overwhelming and unpredictable.
Vision Problems: Blurred vision, double vision, or optic neuritis (pain and temporary vision loss) are often early indicators of MS.
Numbness and Tingling: Often affecting the face, arms, legs, or torso, these sensations occur due to nerve damage in the CNS.
Balance and Coordination Issues: Dizziness, unsteady gait, and muscle weakness can affect mobility.
Cognitive Changes: Also called “MS brain fog,” issues with memory, focus, and processing speed can develop.
Muscle Spasms and Pain: Many MS patients experience involuntary muscle stiffness, cramps, and nerve pain.
Symptoms can worsen temporarily due to heat exposure, a phenomenon known as Uhthoff’s phenomenon, where high temperatures cause nerve conduction to slow down.
Beyond the Basics:
5 Things You May Not Know About MS
1. MS Is an Invisible Illness for Many
While some people with MS use mobility aids, many of the most disabling symptoms—like fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and nerve pain—are invisible. This can lead to misunderstanding or dismissal from others who assume the person is "fine" because they don’t look sick.
2. The Cause of MS Is Still Unknown, But Research Is Advancing
While the exact cause of MS remains unclear, recent studies have linked Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection to an increased risk of developing MS. Research into remyelination therapies (treatments that help repair damaged nerve coverings) is ongoing, offering hope for future advancements.
3. MS Can Affect More Than Just Movement
While many people associate MS with difficulty walking, the condition can also impact bladder and bowel function, sexual health, sleep, and emotional well-being. MS-related depression and anxiety are common, partly due to both the disease process and the challenges of living with an unpredictable illness.
4. There’s No One-Size-Fits-All Progression
Some people with MS experience mild symptoms for decades, while others face rapid progression. Early diagnosis and treatment play a crucial role in long-term outcomes.
5. MS Is Not Just a "Young Person's Disease"
Although MS is often diagnosed between ages 20-40, late-onset MS (diagnosed after age 50) exists, and pediatric MS affects about 5-10% of cases.
MS Myths vs. Facts
Myth: "MS is always a fast-progressing disease that leads to severe disability."
Fact: Many people with MS continue working, raising families, and leading fulfilling lives. Early treatment can slow progression and improve quality of life.
Myth: "MS is the same for everyone."
Fact: MS is highly individualized. Some people experience relapses with long periods of remission, while others have slow, steady progression.
Myth: "MS only affects physical abilities."
Fact: MS can impact cognitive function, emotional health, bladder/bowel control, and even speech.
Treatment and Symptom Management
While there is no cure for MS, treatment focuses on:
Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs): These help slow disease progression and reduce relapse frequency. Options include oral medications, injections, and infusions.
Symptom Management: Fatigue, pain, and spasticity can be treated with physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and medications.
Heat Sensitivity Management: Cooling vests, avoiding hot showers, and staying hydrated can help.
Mental Health Support: Therapy, mindfulness, and MS support groups can help manage the emotional toll.
Resources for MS Patients and Caregivers
National Multiple Sclerosis Society (www.nationalmssociety.org) – Offers research updates, support services, and advocacy.
MS Foundation (www.msfocus.org) – Provides financial assistance, educational programs, and wellness initiatives.
MSAA (Multiple Sclerosis Association of America) (www.mymsaa.org) – Provides cooling programs, MRI assistance, and patient resources.
Can Do MS (www.cando-ms.org) – Offers programs focused on improving mobility, mental health, and wellness.
Final Thoughts
MS Awareness Month is an opportunity to amplify voices, advocate for better treatments, and ensure those living with MS receive the support they deserve. If you or a loved one has MS, know that you are not alone—resources, treatment options, and a strong community are available.
How Chronius Can Help
Chronius is committed to redefining primary care for those with chronic and invisible illnesses. Our virtual primary care services bring expert, empathetic care right to your home, making it easier for you to manage your health. We offer personalized care plans tailored to your specific needs, ensuring that you receive comprehensive support without judgment or dismissal. With Chronius, you gain a healthcare partner who listens, understands, and empowers you to take control of your health. Discover the difference of patient-focused care that values and respects your experience. Book an appointment today! (Currently available from anywhere in Florida)
